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CO₂ at Mauna Loa (ppm)

CO₂ to Temperature Impact

Interactive real-time comparison of three major climate sensitivity models

Classic IPCC
(Myhre 1998 to AR5)

ΔF = 5.35 × ln(C/C₀) to 3.0 K per doubling

CO₂: 635 ppm | Forcing: 0.00 W/m²
ΔT = +0.00 K
ECS ≈ 3.0 K (IPCC best estimate)

CMIP6 Models
(2020–present)

Ensemble mean to ~3.9 K per doubling

CO₂: 635 ppm | ERF: 0.00 W/m²
ΔT = +0.00 K
CMIP6 mean ECS ≈ 3.9 K

Happer–van Wijngaarden
(2020–2023)

HITRAN, no WV feedback to 1.4–1.5 K per doubling

CO₂: 635 ppm | Forcing: 0.00 W/m²
ΔT = +0.00 K
Planck only (~2.2 K with WV feedback)

U.S. Monthly Temperature
1991 – 2025

NOAA Nationwide monthly averages • Drag the slider to explore recent climate history month by month.

December 2025
Loading temperature data...
2025: --.–°F
National Annual Average
December 2025
Sun-Earth Distance: 0.984 AU
Axial Tilt (Obliquity): 23.4°
Eccentricity: 0.0167
U.S. National Yearly Average Temperature
Trend: calculating...
Current Milankovitch cycles effect: -0.001°F/decade.

Geological & Climatic Variations

Satellite before/after comparisons showing Geological & Climatic changes over time

Before After
Before
After
Glaciers - Source: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat Missions Gallery: “As Glaciers Worldwide Are Retreating, One Defies the Trend”; U.S. Department of the Interior / USGS and NASA.
Before After
Before
After
Lake Powell, USA - Source: U.S. Geological Survey; National Land Imaging Image Collections
Before After
Before
After
Recovery of Lake Meredith, USA - Source: U.S. Geological Survey’s National Land Imaging Image Collections, Canadian River Municipal Water Authority and National Weather Service.
Before After
Before
After
Rare Snowfall in Africa’s Sahara Desert (Prior to December 2016 snowfall shown here (After), the last snowfall was in 1979 (Before)) — Source: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat Missions Gallery: “Rare Snow Falls at the Edge of Sahara Desert”; U.S. Department of the Interior / USGS and NASA.
Before After
Before
After
Canadian Glaciers — Source: USGS and NASA

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