CO₂ → Planetary Temperature
The effect of CO₂ Increase On Planetary Temperature Increase : Earth

1. Classic IPCC (Myhre et al. 1998 – used AR1 to AR5)

ΔF = 5.35 × ln(C/C₀) W/m² → 3.0 K per doubling (includes all feedbacks)

CO₂: 560 ppm | Forcing: 3.71 W/m²
ΔT = +3.00 K | +0.258 meV
Myhre et al. 1998 / IPCC AR5 best estimate ECS = 3.0 K

2. CMIP6 Multi-Model Mean (2020–present)

CMIP6 ensemble-mean ≈4.0 W/m² → ≈3.9 K per doubling (unweighted mean)

CO₂: 560 ppm | ERF (approx): 4.00 W/m²
ΔT = +3.90 K | +0.336 meV
CMIP6 unweighted multi-model mean effective ECS ≈3.9 K (range 1.8–5.6 K)

3. Happer–van Wijngaarden (2020–2023) – No water-vapor feedback

HITRAN line-by-line, fixed absolute humidity → ≈1.4–1.5 K on doubling

CO₂: 560 ppm | Forcing (clear-sky): 3.10 W/m²
ΔT = +1.45 K | +0.125 meV
Happer & van Wijngaarden (arXiv) – Planck response only, no H₂O/cloud feedback
With standard water-vapor feedback ≈2.2–2.3 K
Know your Climate Models. Developed By ClimateCheck.Net | 1 K = 0.08617 meV (kT)